Meaning of education

The word 'education' was came out from latin language educatum,educere,educare.In the word educatum,the meaning of E&Duco is 'to bring up out of'.in educere the meaning of E&Ducere is 'to lead out of'.It means the process of bringing out energy or knowledge from inside body to outside.In the word educare,the meaning ofE&Ducare is'to raise out of:.it means to learn knowledge &skills.Education is not limit on school`s&university only,it is continiously process from birth to death. According to plato:'education consist of giving to the body and soul all the perfection of which they are sussceptible.' According to John:'Education is that reconstruction or re organization of experence withadds to the meaning of experience which increases ability to direct the course of subsequent experiences.' According to Pastolozzi:Education is a natural,harmonious and progressive development of man`s innate power.' According to oxford advanced learner`s dictionary:'A process of teaching, training and learning, espicially in school and colleges to improve knowledge and developing skills.' As a whole, education is the foundation of development.It changes the dark into light.It makes a man perfect.It is also called third eye of man.The third eye can see the objects which the two eyes can`t see.it is the light of life.An uneducated man is as a ugly as animal,which has lost it`s horn`s and tails. Importances of education:Education is the most essential thin for every person`s&countries also.The some importances of education are given as fallows:

1. Education is the backbone of development.It provides administrative and technical manpowers which are development of a country.
2. Education is a life-long process.A teacher gives education.The parent just give birth to the children.But the teacher help`s them to stand on their feet by giving education.Thers are the candle`s which burn themselves but give light to others.
3. Education is a precious property.If we spend something,it decreases.But the more we spend education,the more it increases.It is a permanent property.It remain`s after man`s death also.
4. Education is of vital importance. The ancient people were uneducated.So they had to pass miserable life.But due to the spread of education,modern peoples are passing comfortable life.It has drastically changed the face of the world.It has contributed a lot for human civilization.
5. Technical education solves the problem of unemployment.There is the demands of different kinds of technicians in the fields of agriculture,industries,transport&communication,health,engineering etc.
6. there are many advantages of women education.The mother is the first teacher of every childrens.An educated mother can train her children in a good way.And she can support her husband by earning money also.

Objectives of education:

• To produce educated people.
• To help the development of socialization of people.
• To help the development of personality of every peoples.
• To provide good persons for development of country by education medium.
• To protect and use the natural enviroment&national property.
• To develop scientific view in all people.

Education system:
The process of educational system are as fallows;

1. Educational investment:Without investment any work or any programme can`t start.So investment is necessary to start education system.The educational investment are-students&teachers,physical facilities and financial investment.
2. Educational process:It is also necessary for educational system.The educational process are-good organization&managment,leading,direction,evalution,presentation of student and teaching programme.
3. Educational output:Education is a system as industry,so educational output is also importent thing.Educational achivement is the educational output.It is mainly 3 types,which are:

• success output
• perfect output
• unperfect orworst output.
  

Technical Education

Technical education is the education which gives special skills in some subjects.It means theoretical & practical knowledge is using machine and instruments.We not only get the theoretical knowledge about some subjects but also know how to handle the machine to produce various things.Technical education is the reverse of academic education.

In academic education we get only the theoritical knowledge than practical knowledge.Civil, mechanical, chemical,electrical and telecommunication,engineering ,agriculture,weaving, pottery are some examples of technical education.An ancient time articians produce thins with the help of their hands.They cold not produce large quantities of goods.The cost of production was also comparatively higher.But due to the progess of science,improved machine have been invented.With the help of such machines,articians can manufacture large quantities of goods.The present is the age of machines.Thewestern countries of the world have progressed because of the knowledge of technical education.
Technical education helps for the progress of the country.A country can prosper in the field of agriculture,industry,transport&communication and other developmental fields bythe help of technical education.Technicians can fallow the improved methods of agriculture and produce better and big quantities of crops.They can operates telephone and wireless sets.They can construct the bridges,roads,factories etc.Technicians can help for the progess of each developmental activities.
Technical education helps the nation to be self-independent.Technical education solves the problem of unemployment.There is the demands of different kinds of technicians in the field of agriculture industry,transport&communication,health,engineering etc.Technicians can be absorbed in such developmental fields.If such technicians can not get job,they can stand on their own legs.They can undertake their personals works.They do not have to go from door to door for employment.

Leadership for teacher development

Success of educational institution depends upon the quality of teachers.Teachers development means enhancing the quality of teachers to deliver required contents in an effective way.Teachers can enhance their performance through the acquisition of knowledge and learning new methods and techniques to teach.Teachers development is associated with the social,physiological or cognitive and technical skill development.They need both human intelligence and emotional intelligence.
Situational leadership model is very good and appropriate tool for teachers development.The teacher trainer or mentor can use it to train the teacher.If the teacher is in experienced and crude,the trainer provides high task behaviour and lowrelatiioin behaviour.When the teachers are unable but willing,the trainers provides high task high relationship behaviour to encourage them to make more competent .When the teachers are able but unwilling,the trainer and the head teachers provide low task and high relationship behaviour to participate the teachers in tasks.As the teachers became gradually more competent and skilled,the snior authority can give morer autonomy or freedom.Trainers and higher authority`s behaviour depends on the readiness or maturity of the teachers,

South African Education

There are 12.3 million learnears in south africa.There are 386600 teachers and 26292 schools,including 1098 registered independent or private schools.Among these schools 6000 are high schools and the rest primary.High schools covers grade 7 to 12 and rest primary covers grade 0 to grade 6.
In government-funded public schools,the average ratio of school;s(known as "learners in term of the countr`s outcome-based education system) to teachers "educators is 32.6 to one,while private schools enearally have one teachers every 17.5 scholars.
The national education of department is responsible for higher education-instututions have fair amount of outonomy,but are expected to fall in line with certain government non-negotioble-no child may be excluded from a school o0n grounds of his or her race or regelion for eg.
The central government provides a national fromework for school policy,but administrative responsiblity lies with the provinces.Power is further developed grassroots level via elected school governing bodies,which have a significant ray in the running of their schools.
In south africa there are mainly three bands of education which are:

• general education&training


• higher education &training


• further education &training

Three bands of education is recognises by south africans national qualifications F ramework(NQF) which are general education & training,further education & training and higher education & training.
school life spons 13 years or grades from grade 0,otherwise known as grade R or"reception year" through to grade 12 or"matric" which is also known as year of matriculation.General education year & training start from 0 to grade 9.Under the south africa schools act of 1996,education is compulsory for all south.Africans from age 7 to age 15.General education and training also includes Adult basic education And training.

Family Life Education

The education given to the individual by the family and family members top fulfil the above needs is called family education.
Family life education is an essential educational process within the family.It provides education regarding the way of living,managment and preparation for successive future life to the adoloscene.Besides this,the education knowledge and skills regarding the accepted age of marriage causes of delayed marriage,way of maternal-child,health care,planning of family,right and responsibilities as future parents,methods of developing and maintaining the healthy relation among the family members,planning for old age etc are transmitted to the adolescene and the growing individual.Thus,the family education provides the base and ability to learn,choose and take creative and responsible dicisions independently regarding himself/herself and to the society.In this context the family is the very foundation upon which socity is built and of all social institutions exerts the greatest influence.Fundamental behaviour patterns such as eating,sleeping,elimination as well as many emotional reaction to people and to situation are laid in the family.In facts the family provides an enviroment where a child can develop physically,mentally,socially and spiritually.Thus,we many say that the family education is the process of education which helps the child and individual to gain their physical,social,moral,ethical,emotional and other essential qualities to adjust in the dynamic society and to participate actively in the developmental task of society and nation.
The family education is the base of life.So it must be started from the very begining of life,or we may say that family education must be given from the early childhood.In this process,education should be based on the need,intrest,attitude,physical changes,developmental stage and their circumstance.
Importance of family life education;

• family life education helps to understand the fundamental behaviour patterns of the society.


• This types of education helps the individual for the adults life and future parenthood.


• family life education helps to develop the balance and healthy personality.


• this type of education helps to understand the socio-culture interaction,values,belief and relation to adjust in the dynamic process.


• it helps to develop healthy,co-0perative and co-odinated behaviours among the family members and with their age-mate.

Health Education

health education begins with the start of life and extends throughout the span of existence,in home,in school and comminity at large.Health education is an essential tool of community health.Every branch of community health has an educational aspects of health.In fact community health is just health education,and every community health worker is a health educator.The objective of health education is'to win friends and influence people'.Although health education has unique characterstics in each of these settings,a common thread runs through them all,giving unity of purpose and of direction.
The term'health education' means many thins to many peoples.Numerous individuals and groups have attempted to define it.For some,it is an educational force,or a process by which agents of agents of education such as the teachers,nurses or parents exert their influence individuals in such a way as to impress behaviour.The WHO expert comitte on health education has stated,"Health education is the process which enables individuals and groups of individual to realise their health needs and match them to necessary health behaviours for attainment of positive health.Health education like general education is concerned with the change in knowledge,attitude and behaviour of the people.In it`s most useful form it is concentrated on the development of such practices as believed to attain the best possible state of well being.
According to the society of public health Education,"Health education is a process which affects change in the health practices of people and in the knowledge and attitudes related to such changes."
In the view of R.E. Grout,"Health education is the translation of what is know about health into desirable individual and community behaviour patterns by means of the educational process."
The above defination implies that,

• Health education is an process involving a series of steps- not a single procedure.


• Health education is concerned with establishing or including changes in the knowledge,attitudes,and behaviour that promote helathy living.


• Health education involves efforts by the people.

The objectives of health education are as fallows,

1. to ensure that health is valued as an asset in community.


2. to encourage the people to attain good health.


3. to equip the people to solve their health problem with their own actions and efforts.


4. to promote and encourage the development and proper use of available health services.

The importances of health education are,

• develop and practise desirable healthy behaviour.


• appriciate the aesthetic values of helathy living,including cleanliness,sanitation exercise and balanced diet.


• contribute to the maintenance and improvement of health of friends,neighbours,members of the family,community and nation.


• find emotional satisfaction in individuals relationship with the school home and community.

importance of physical education

Any type of physical activity is natural to a human being.Physical activities are necessary for human growth and development.As such physical education has been a part of human being since time immemorial.As time passed on,human life and their activities become more complicated,and the physical activities which were found to be beneficial for different purposes for human beings were selected.In fact walking,running,jumping,throwing physical education has been developed on these basic movement.Physical education is basically a movement skills.In this context the main purposes of teaching physical education is to make an individual physically fit,mentally alert,emotionally stable,socially hermonious and adjustable.So,these days more emphasis is being given to the physical activities by different countries.A country needs not just citizens but citizens with sound mind with a sound physique.In the light of above discussion,the importance of physical education can be summerized under the following major points;

• proper growth and development of organs.


• physical education helps to built proportionate muscular body and personality.


• physical education develops mental ability.


• physical education develops social quality.


• physical education provides the atmosphere for pleasing to the mind{Recreation}.


• physical helps to utilize the leisure time.

Physical Education

Physical education has been recognized as an integral part of education.The existence of human being is primarily physical.The first lesson a human child learns are lesson of physical activity.No education, however ideal and exalted in it`s objectives is complet without emphosis on motor activity. The human body is a scared gift of nature.It`s growth,development and efficiency largely depend upon the quantity and quality of motor activities it performs.In this context the word 'physical' refers to body and indicates bodu characterstics such as strength,speed,endurance,health,perfomance etc.Similarly the term' Education' when use in conjuction with physical,refers to a process of education that develops the human body especially fitness and movement skills.Thus,physical education is an education for body and mind though physical activity.Very often physical education is equated with physical Training[pt],exercise,games and sports,recreational activities,yoga etc.Infact physical education means many things to different people,because it has been defind in various ways.But,to understand the meaning of physical education some point of definations are given below;

• Brown Hill and Hagman,regarded physical education as"the accumulation of wholesome experiences through participation in large muscle activities that promote growth and development."
• J.B Nash explains-"Physical education is the that phase of whole field of education that deals with big muscle activities and their releated responces."

• AAHPER platform says,"physical education is the way of education through physical activities which are related and carried on with regard to values in human growth, development and behaviours.

Thus, from an overview of the above definations and other various definations the following salient features of physical education emerge:

1. Physical education is an essential and integral part of total education process.
2. Movements or activities or games&sports are the means of whole some experience and physical education.
3. Physical education aims to develop physically,mentally,emotionally&socially fit citezen through physical activities.
4. Physical education and their activities arevbased on systematic planning and scientific theory.

1. Thus,on the basis of the above points physical education is defined as,"an education by means of physical activities involving big muscle,body limbs and joint of an individual aimed towards the development of body and mind."
   

Sex education

The sex education is a type of education which deals about sex organs,sexual process,function of sex oragns of different animals.Sex education is necessary for every people in present time,because of many people are suffering from different types of sex diseases.It is very important for teenagers.Many African peoples are suffering from dangerous sex diseases like HIV Aids.If they know about sex education,such types of problems not occurs and their will be no HIV Aids.So the sex education can help to prevent us from different types of sexual diseases.Many teenagers boys and girls are involving in unprotect sexual relation,which brings the many problems in their life.It is necessary to that,sex education should be involve in from school level education to the university level education corrse of every country.Many country already start sex education in school and univesitie`s course but many countries of africa and asia do not involve sex education in their school level education,they should be involve this education as soon as possible in their school education.Now a days many peoples are struggle with many dangerous sex diseases like Aids.Aids deases is that types of sex disease which medicines still can not find scientist also.This disease is flowing in high ratio,if this ratio can not decrease,many people will die from this deases.From sex education people get knowledge about reproduction,fertility rate,prevention of sex diseases etc.The population growth of many developing countries,like nepal,india and other countries can be control by the help of sex education.

Science education

The science education is a type of education which deals about invention of different technology,plants and animals,chemicals compounds,universe etc.The word science is comes out from the latin word 'scientia'.The meaning of scientia is knowledge.According to this meaning science is study of systmatic knowledge about certain subjects.In science the established or invented knowledge is never end.The present achive knowledge is use for invention process of new matters in future time.Many invention of scientist are coming day by day which is results of science education.The science is dynamic and endless series of empirical knowledge,which ultimate goals is the formulation of concepts and theories.The defination of science can not express in one word.Some deffination of science are as fallows;

• science is a systematic body of knowledge.
• science is a heap of truth.
• science is the complete study of everythings.
• science is a method to find out more about our enviroment.
• science is process and product.

• science is what scientist do.

There are mainly four branches of science which are;

1. Physics:Physics is the basic science which study with matter,energy and their interraction.The word science is comes out from latin languagw 'phusis'.
2. Chemistry:Chemistry is a branch of science which study about the composition,structure,preperation and properties of different compounds.
3. Biology:biology is also the branch of science which deals about animals and plants.The study of plants is called botany and the study of animals is called zoology.
4. Geology&Astronomy:Geology and astronomy deals about origin&structure of earth,planet,stars and constellation.

Importance of science education:

• science education helps to invention of many technology and devices.
• Peoples can able to knowing about different types of plant&animals by science education.
• It develops basic knowledge for the study of nursing,mbbs,engineering etc.
• It helps to develop social civilization of peoples.
• science education helps to prevent us from different types of deases by producing medicines.

It is now obvious that science has done lot for the comforts of men.But it has some bad aspects too.Science has added more worries.There has been wars in the world which kills thousands of innocent peoples.Because of the discovery of neuclear weapons,men are always in danger.There is compettion among the powerful countries to produce such weapons.It is not good this shows that science is not only the blessing but also a curse.We should be careful to use scientific discoveries in the welfare of human beings.

Education for male and female in united state

Thirty five years ago,many schools in united states,still segregated courses on the basis of gender.Secretarial courses and cooking were for girls,business and mechanical for boys.High school teachers were not likely to encourage girls to go on to college because they were expected to get married and stay home to raise children.If a girl was going to college,teachers advised her to choose a traditionally feminine career such as teaching,nursing,or social work.
These things do not happen now.American schools generally offers the same course to all students and expect both girls and boys to have careers after they graduate.However some gender role differences are still common.Various study have shown.For example,that from preschool through high school,girls are given less attention than boys.Teachers tend to ask boys to do thing more often,offer them more helpful criticism.They tend to allow boy to shout out answers,but scold girls for doing so,especially in math and science classes.Studies also shown that because girls receive less attention from teachers,they suffer a further drop in self esteem when they reach high school.At age nine the majority of girls are confident,assertive,and positive about themselves.By age 14 less than one-third feel that way.Perhaps partly as a result of this high school girls score lower in most subjects on standardized tests than boys.
The structure of the school also sends out a message about gender role differences.In most elementary and secondary schools in the united states,men hold the position of authority as principals and teachers are female,over two-third of all school principals are male.This male dominated atmosphere can lead children to believe that women need the leadership of men.

Adult Education

Those people who are grown up are called adults.The education given to the adults is called adult education.In some of the developed country of the world,there is no need of adult education as education is compulsory and everyone is educated.But in a developing countries,the majority of the people are uneducated.So there is a need of adult education in such countries.
There is a need and importance of adult education.Adults are engaged in productive activities.The development of countries depends upon their activities.If they are not educated,they do not know the problems of country.They do not have any knowledge of the developmental plans.Uneducated peoples are exploited.They are conservative.They do not identify the importance of change.They do not know what is happening in the world.
Majority of people in developing country are peasants who live mainly in village.The development of countries depend on progress of the peasants.If the condition of the peasants is improved.In many developing country peasants are uneducated.They fallow the traditional method for their work like,farming.That is why the production is low.They are cheated by businessman.They do not have any idea about importance of sanitation and health.Their house and surrounding are dirty.They are frequently effected by diseases because of poor sanitation. It is the education which can improve the condition of the peasants.If the peasants are educated they send their children to schools.By educating the adults,We are helping to educate the majority of people.It is the dearth of government to provide adult education in the different parts of the country.There many non-governmental organization that are also conducting adults class.There must be co-ordinate between the activities of the government and such organization.The classes should focus on making adult literate.They should also be taught the skills they need to learn to do their day to day function.
Adults education is needed to develop country.Every village development,committee,schools,campus,governments and non-governmental organization should help to educate adults.

Female Education

The education to women is known as female education.A nation can prosper only with the united efforts of men and women.If both of them are educated,they can work hand in hand for the progress of the nation.If women are not educated,more than half of population is uneducated.Hence the country can not progress with half of uneducated population.

In ancient time female education was neglected.People thought that educating girls is useless.They thought that women are just to give birth to baby,look after them and their homes.For such works education is not necessary.Only the girls from educated family could get an opportunity of education.This idea has been slowly changed today.Many people have realized the importance of educating girls.The number of girls is increasing day by day in the schools and universitieres.However,the village women are still deprived of the oppurtunity of getting education.

There are many advantages of female education.Men and women are like the two wheels of the same cart.A cart can not move only with the one wheel.Similarly,a nation can not progress if both men and women are not educated.Women looks after their children.The mother is first teacher for their children.A educated women can train her children in a better way.An educated women can support her husband by shearing works.She can lesson her husband sorrow.An educated women is well mannered.The overall progressof the country finally depends upon the joint efforts of both man and women.Hence,educating women has an important role to play for the development of nation.

The girls should be give freedom to select the subjec`s necessity.So the government sts of their own choice.However there are some pereferable subjects for wpmen.Some of them are needle works.tailoring,home-science,houshold accounts etc.They can also be trained to work as a doctor,pilot,engineering,police force,government offices.

It is clear that educating women is quite important for the development of the nation.The people have realized the importance and necessity of female education.But many people from the village haven`t yet realized it necessity.So the government should pay special attension to educate the women in the village.They should be given incientives in such a way that most of the villagers will send girls to schools.

education system of nepal

The education system of nepal is undeveloped.the present education system of nepal was made in 2049 bs,still it is running.there is no change in curriculum,textbook and examination system of nepal.on the other hand,the education system of american,astrilian,european and also many asian countries have been developed education system and changing in good way.these countries are developed because they follow the scientific and practical education system.but nepal still follow the treaditional educational system.many political and social changes are occuring in nepal but still more than 45 percent are uneducated.

the education system of nepal is mainly divided into 3 types,which are primary education

1. pramary: it consist from class 1 to 5.
2. Secondary: it consist from class 6 to 12
3. Higher Education: it consist bachlor level(3 years) ,master level(2 years) and phd level(2 years)

prnow a days the goverment of nepal trying to change the education system of nepal into scientific system.they already announced to bring practical education upto 2015 ad.some scientific changes are appears in education system of nepal but it is not enough.if the all political party of nepal able to make unity with each other,the education system of nepal will improve soon.